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Ukusetshenziswa kwezingcwecwe zobumba kwaqala ngo-1918, ngemva kokuphela kweMpi Yezwe I, lapho uColonel Newell Monroe Hopkins ethola ukuthi ukunameka izikhali zensimbi ngocwecwe lweceramic kwakuzosivikela kakhulu.

Nakuba izakhiwo ze-ceramic zatholwa kusenesikhathi, akubanga isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba zisetshenziselwe izinjongo zempi.

Amazwe okuqala asebenzisa kakhulu izikhali ze-ceramic kwakuyi-Former Soviet Union, futhi amasosha ase-US ayisebenzisa kakhulu phakathi neMpi YaseVietnam, kodwa izikhali ze-ceramic zavela njengempahla yokuzivikela yomuntu siqu eminyakeni yamuva nje ngenxa yezindleko zangaphambili kanye nezinkinga zobuchwepheshe.

Eqinisweni, i-alumina ceramic yayisetshenziswa ezikhalini zomzimba e-UK ngo-1980, futhi amasosha ase-US akhiqiza i-SAPI yokuqala "ye-plug-in" yangempela ngeminyaka yawo-1990s, okwakuyimishini yokuvikela eguquguqukayo ngaleso sikhathi.Izinga layo lokuvikela le-NIJIII lingakwazi ukuvimba izinhlamvu eziningi ezingasongela amasosha ahamba ngezinyawo, kodwa ibutho lase-US lalinganelisekile ngalokhu.I-ESAPI yazalwa.

 

ESAPI

Ngaleso sikhathi, ukuvikela kwe-ESAPI kwakungekona ukugebenga okuningi, futhi izinga lokuvikela le-NIJIV layenza yagqama futhi yasindisa izimpilo zamasosha amaningi.Ukuthi ikwenza kanjani lokho cishe akunakwa kakhulu.

Ukuze siqonde ukuthi i-ESAPI isebenza kanjani, sidinga ukuqonda ukwakheka kwayo kuqala.Izikhali eziningi ze-ceramic eziyinhlanganisela iyithagethi ye-ceramic yesakhiwo + ithagethi yasemuva yensimbi/okungeyona eyensimbi, futhi i-ESAPI yezempi yase-US nayo isebenzisa lesi sakhiwo.

Esikhundleni sokusebenzisa i-silicon carbide ceramic esebenzayo futhi "enomnotho", i-US Army yasebenzisa i-boron carbide ceramic ebiza kakhulu ku-ESAPI.Endizeni engemuva, amasosha ase-US asebenzisa i-UHMW-PE, nayo eyayibiza kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi.Intengo ye-UHMW-PE yokuqala yaze yadlula leyo ye-BORON carbide.

Qaphela: ngenxa yeqoqo elihlukile nenqubo, i-kevlar ingase futhi isetshenziswe njengepuleti lokusekela yibutho lase-US.

 

Izinhlobo zama-ceramics angangenwa izinhlamvu:

Izitsha zobumba ezingangenwa izinhlamvu, ezaziwa nangokuthi izitsha zobumba zesakhiwo, zinokuqina okuphezulu, izici eziphezulu zemodulus, ngokuvamile ezisetshenziselwa ukuhuzuka kwensimbi, okufana nokugaya amabhola e-ceramic, ikhanda lethuluzi lokugaya le-ceramic.......Ezikhalini ezihlanganisiwe, izitsha zobumba zivame ukudlala indima "yokubhujiswa kwekhanda lempi".Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-ceramic kuzivikelo zomzimba, ezisetshenziswa kakhulu yi-alumina ceramics (AI²O³), i-silicon carbide ceramics (SiC), i-boron carbide ceramics (B4C).

Izici zabo ezifanele yilezi:

Ama-ceramics e-alumina anobuningi obukhulu kakhulu, kodwa ubulukhuni buphansi kakhulu, umkhawulo wokucubungula uphansi, intengo ishibhile.Imboni inokuhlanzeka okuhlukile ihlukaniswe -85/90/95/99 alumina zobumba, ilebula yayo ubumsulwa ephakeme, ubulukhuni futhi intengo ephakeme

Ubuningi be-silicon carbide bumaphakathi, ubulukhuni obufanayo buyisilinganiso esilinganiselwe, bungokwesakhiwo se-ceramics engabizi kakhulu, ngakho-ke ukufakwa kwezivikelo zomzimba eziningi zasekhaya kuzosebenzisa izitsha ze-silicon carbide ceramics.

I-Boron carbide ceramics kulezi zinhlobo ze-ceramics ekumineni okuphansi kakhulu, amandla aphezulu kakhulu, kanye nobuchwepheshe bayo bokucubungula futhi buyizidingo eziphakeme kakhulu, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu nokucindezela okuphezulu, ngakho-ke intengo yayo iphinde ibe yi-ceramics ebiza kakhulu.

Ukuthatha ipuleti le-NIJ grade ⅲ njengesibonelo, nakuba isisindo sepuleti lokufaka i-alumina ceramic lingama-200g ~ 300g ngaphezu kwepuleti lokufaka le-silicon carbide ceramic, kanye no-400g ~ 500g ngaphezu kwepuleti lokufaka le-boron carbide ceramic.Kodwa intengo ingu-1/2 wepuleti lokufaka le-silicon carbide ceramic kanye no-1/6 wepuleti lokufaka le-boron carbide ceramic, ngakho-ke ipuleti lokufaka le-alumina ceramic linokusebenza okubiza kakhulu futhi lingelemikhiqizo ehamba phambili emakethe.

Uma kuqhathaniswa nepuleti lensimbi elingangenwa izinhlamvu, ipuleti elihlanganisiwe/leceramic elingangenwa nhlamvu linenzuzo engenakunqotshwa!

Okokuqala, isivikelo sensimbi sishaya izikhali zensimbi ezilinganayo nge-projectile.Eduze komkhawulo wejubane lokungena, imodi yokwehluleka kwepuleti eliqondiwe ngokuyinhloko ama-crater okucindezelayo nama-shear slugs, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kinetic kuncike kakhulu emsebenzini wokugunda obangelwa ukuwohloka kwepulasitiki nama-slugs.

Ukusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kwamandla kwezikhali eziyinhlanganisela ye-ceramic ngokusobala kuphakeme kunezembatho zempi zensimbi ezifanayo.

 

Ukusabela kwethagethi ye-ceramic kuhlukaniswe izinqubo ezinhlanu

1: uphahla lwenhlamvu luphuka lube yizicucu ezincane, futhi ukuchotshozwa kwekhanda lempi kukhulisa indawo yesenzo esiqondiwe, ukuze kuhlakazwe umthwalo kupuleti le-ceramic.

2: imifantu ivela ebusweni bezitsha zobumba endaweni yomthelela, futhi inwebeke ngaphandle ukusuka endaweni yomthelela.

3: Inkundla yamandla enendawo yokucindezelwa yamagagasi engaphambili ingene ngaphakathi kweceramic, ukuze i-ceramic iphuke, impushana ekhiqizwe endaweni yomthelela ezungeze iphrojekthi endizela ngaphandle.

4: imifantu ngemuva kwe-ceramic, ngaphezu kokuqhekeka kwe-radial, imifantu esakazwa ku-cone, umonakalo uzokwenzeka ku-cone.

5: I-ceramic ku-cone iphukile ibe yizicucu ngaphansi kwezimo zokucindezeleka eziyinkimbinkimbi, lapho i-projectile ithinta indawo ye-ceramic, iningi lamandla e-kinetic lidliwa ekubhujisweni kwendawo engezansi ye-cone, ububanzi bayo buncike ezintweni zemishini kanye nobukhulu bejometri. i-projectile kanye ne-ceramic material.

Okungenhla yizici zokuphendula zezikhali ze-ceramic kumaprojectiles esivinini esiphansi/ esimaphakathi.Okungukuthi, izici zokuphendula ze-projectile velocity ≤V50.Uma isivinini se-projectile singaphezu kwe-V50, i-projectile ne-ceramic ziyaguguzana, kwakheka indawo yokuchoboza ye-mescall lapho kokubili izikhali kanye nomzimba we-projectile ubonakala njengoketshezi.

Umthelela otholwe indiza engemuva uyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, futhi inqubo inendawo-ntathu ngokwemvelo, nokusebenzisana phakathi kwezendlalelo ezizodwa nakuzo zonke lezi zendlalelo zefayibha eziseduze.

Ngamagama alula, igagasi lokucindezeleka elisuka kugagasi lendwangu liya ku-matrix ye-resin bese lifinyelela ungqimba oluseduze, ukusabela kwe-wave strain ku-intersection ye-fiber, okuholela ekuhlakazweni kwamandla omthelela, ukusabalala kwegagasi ku-resin matrix, ukuhlukaniswa kwe-resin matrix. ungqimba lwendwangu kanye nokufuduka kongqimba lwendwangu kwandisa ikhono lenhlanganisela ukuze limunce amandla e-kinetic.Ukufuduka okubangelwa ukuhamba nokusakazeka kwe-crack kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwezingqimba zendwangu ngayinye kungathatha inani elikhulu lamandla omthelela.

Ngokuhlolwa kokulingisa ukumelana nokungena kwezikhali ze-ceramic eziyinhlanganisela, isilingo sokulingisa ngokuvamile sithathwa elabhorethri, okungukuthi, isibhamu segesi sisetshenziselwa ukwenza ukuhlolwa kokungena.

 

Kungani uLinry Armor abe nenzuzo yenani njengomkhiqizi wokufakwa kwezinhlamvu zesibhamu eminyakeni yamuva nje?Kunezici ezimbili ezibalulekile:

(1) Ngenxa yezidingo zobunjiniyela, kunesidingo esikhulu sezitsha zobumba zesakhiwo, ngakho intengo yezitsha zobumba zesakhiwo iphansi kakhulu [ukwabelana ngezindleko].

(2) Njengomkhiqizi izinto ezingavuthiwe kanye nemikhiqizo eqediwe icutshungulwa ezimbonini zethu, ukuze sikwazi ukuhlinzeka ngemikhiqizo yekhwalithi engcono kakhulu nezintengo ezinobungane kakhulu ezitolo ezingangenwa izinhlamvu kanye nabantu ngabanye.

 


Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-18-2021